Potential Impact of Retail Sales and Personal Income Forecasts on Essay

Expected Impact of Retail Sales and Personal Income Forecasts on Tobacco Industry - Essay Example Be that as it may, paying little mind to the source, increments in the retail cost of cigarettes causes a decline in the amount of cigarettes requested, however the proportion is under 1 to 1 when contrasting the rate cost increment with the level of utilization decline. This shows there is protection from doing without utilization inside and out, and that scarcely any substitute merchandise are accessible to the customer. The connection among's pay and spending can be summarized as follows: By and large, development of retail deals follows a similar way as the development of individual salary. Be that as it may, this may not be the situation during financial stoppage and extension. When all is said in done, in the hour of downturn, retail deals will in general develop more slow than individual salary, while in the hour of monetary blast, retail deals will in general become quicker than individual pay (Kovalyova and Zakharova, 2003). This infers buyer spending foresees future financial conditions, and that alleged shopper certainty plays a greater - or if nothing else a main - job in buying designs than do genuine changes in macroeconomic conditions.

Analyze adequately the extent to which the author of the Gospel of Essay

Examine sufficiently the degree to which the writer of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles was fruitful in presentin - Essay Example The Gospel of Luke's accomplishment in introducing the Truth about Jesus heavenliness initially started with the anunciation of Jesus birth. Specifically, Luke prognosticated the happening to Jesus as a Messiah and His Immaculate Concepcion through the Angel Gabriel which can be found in Luke 1:30-31â that says the holy messenger said to her, â€Å"Do not be apprehensive, Mary, for you have discovered kindness with God.â And see, you will imagine in your belly and bear a child, and you will call his name Jesus.† Also in a similar gospel, Jesus heredity was uncovered that follows back to the primary man Adam, to the Kings David to Abraham authenticating that He came straightforwardly from the line of David through this entry in the Bible And the blessed messenger said to them, â€Å"Fear not, for view, I bring you uplifting news of extraordinary happiness that will be for all the people.â For unto you is brought into the world this day inâ the city of Davidâ a Savior, who isâ Christâ the Lord.â And this will be an indication for you: you will discover a babyâ enveloped by wrapping up fabrics and lying in a manger† (Luke 2:10-13). ... Jesus goes about as Son of God and His Truths were likewise showed in the Gospel of Luke whereby He performed numerous supernatural occurrences that incorporates recuperating deadened men (5:18-25, 6:6-10) to raising the dead (7:11-15; 8:41-42, 49-56) which added to the Gospel of Luke's achievement in introducing of Jesus Christ's Truths. At long last, the Truth that Jesus was in fact the Son of God was confirm with His execution, revival and climb The Christ will experience the ill effects of the dead on the third day, and apology and pardoning of sins will be lectured in his name. Luke 24:46-. Without Jesus revival and rising, Jesus would not have been raised as a God yet rather a man who might be faithful however by the by mortal. There are additionally entries in the Gospel of Luke that straightforwardly attributed Jesus Christ as the Son of God especially in Luke 3:22â where it unequivocally tended to Jesus as Son of God saying and the Holy Spirit slid on him in real structure, similar to a bird; and a voice originated from heaven,â â€Å"You are my cherished Son; with you I am well pleased.† Jesus Christ reason for existing was likewise expressed in the Gospel of Luke For the Son of Man came to look for and to spare the lost (Luke 19:10). To approve this further, Jesus Christ tended to God as Father in Luke 23:46 when he was killed and His human spirit going to kick the bucket just to revive and climb into Heaven. This record made itt obvious that to be sure Jesus Christ is a Son of God with the words then Jesus, getting out with an uproarious voice, stated, â€Å"Father, into your hands Iâ submit my spirit!†. What's more, as though this isn't sufficient to validate that Jesus Christ is undoubtedly the Truth, Luke 24:46â further described Consequently it is composed, that the Christ ought to endure and on the

Good for Society vs. Individual Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Useful for Society versus Singular Freedom - Essay Example The principle social insurance issue that the administration is obliged to handle is an expansion of illnesses (in particular pandemics and infections). Interestingly with conventional infections, for example, smallpox and poliomyelitis, new infections of dreadful extension have now showed up. HIV/AIDS and avian flu are the principle dangers to wellbeing and presence of humanity. The danger can be clarified by the way that the changes of transformation, hatred, and recombination, infections could have developed their own hereditary structure. As indicated by factual outcomes, 448,871 individuals living with AIDS in America. Yearly, 17,047 instances of Hepatitis An are informed by the Health Department; and about 3.9 million individuals in the United States live with Hepatitis C (National Center of Health Statistics 2009). The offices answerable for attaching important issues relating to security are the US Department of Health and the Human Services and Immunology and Virology Agencies. These organizations are liable for power over the multiplication of illnesses and preventive measures against these infections. Inoculation is the clinical methodology for invigorating the resistant framework to ensure against a particular malady specialist before introduction. Inciting an insusceptible reaction before a characteristic viral contamination happens acts to outline immunologic memory so cells associated with making the potential antiviral invulnerable reaction are prepared and held alarm. When gone up against with the full quality irresistible infection, these prepared cells respond rapidly and with more noteworthy power than unprimed cells, accordingly upgrading the host's capacity to effectively battle and control the contamination. The ongoing appearance of the hemorrhagic fever infections and HIV give current difficulties to another age of microbial trackers. Smallpox, poliomyelitis, measles infection, and yellow fever in like manner tested clinical scientists previously (Willis and Adelowo 1997).â

Example of Reflective Journal - 757 Words

Examples of reflective writing Example of reading log Here are some examples of reflective writing in Education, focusing on school experience rounds. EDF1302 Assessment 2: Observation and analysis While on fieldwork, I observed a number of learning situations and while doing this I took notes on the presence of pedagogical dimensions. For this piece I will be exploring the dimensions of Intellectual Quality and Supportive Classroom Environment respectively. I will begin with the description of the learning situation and then explore how the particular dimensions are evident within them. I will identify the particular elements of these dimensions, I felt existed, and also make reference to those, which appeared absent in the learning†¦show more content†¦Self regulation It appears to me that there was a sense of Low Implicit Control during this lesson. The teacher devoted a large amount of time to disciplining the students behaviour and controlling the students movements. Despite this, the lesson progressed with some great work being produced. To me it appears that self-regulation is strongly impacted upon by the amount of student direction, as discussed above. If children were more active in the lesson structure and planning, then I believe self-regulation would be more likely to occur and the teacher would not have to spend substantial amount of time regulating their behaviour for them. I came across a wonderful quote that sums up the importance and relevance of this assignment for me, linking the need for all productive pedagogies in a learningShow MoreRelatedReflection And How It Aids Professional Development Within Nursing917 Words   |  4 Pagesnurse and the use of refection during this time is said to be a very important tool in guiding the learning process especially in the transition of a student nurse into a graduated registered nurse. It is common in the field of nursing to utilise reflective journalling to critically analyse certain experiences and reflect on how they made them feel and react. This involves looking deeper into a particular experience and deciding what was good, what was bad and what would be a better course of actionRead MoreThe Importance Of Reflection And How It Aids The Professional Development Of A Newly Graduated Nurse1622 Words   |  7 Pagesvalues within a situation or event (Bulman, C., Schutz, S. 2013). Our educational experi ences, culture, and social backgrounds are also factors of our self-awareness (Bulman, C., Schutz, S. 2013). As you can see reflection and reflective practise leads to reflective insight and as a nurse this is an essential part of developing our professional practise. This especially essential when transitioning from student nurse to graduate nurse. Reflection is essential in the transition from nursing studentRead MoreEssay on Work: Goal and Social Care949 Words   |  4 PagesProvided a clear description of the function of the organisation, details of the service, number of staff | Unit 44 (P2) (M1) (D1) Complete two reflective accounts 1. For each reflective account provided clear details of your own contribution to specific team activities that you have undertaken in your placements. 2. For each reflective account assess how your contribution to the team activity has influenced the success of the activity. Explaining who and how the organisation benefitedRead MoreHealth1271 Words   |  6 PagesVocational Experience | Criteria Assessed | P1 explain the structure and function of a health or social care organisationP2 report on own contributions to a specific team activity relating to health and social careP3 make regular reflective entries in a personal journal related to own contributions to work in a health and social care settingP4 present a portfolio of evidence from all placements that demonstrates the development of own practice in health and social care settingsP5 explain how continuingRead MoreNokia 808 Pureview1358 Words   |  6 PagesOR detailed description of the project assigned. 12. Reflective Journal Entries (word limit: min. 2550 words) a. In reflective journal writing, student will reflect on all activities during each day of internship in that organization and then will enter in reflective journal on daily basis. b. Entry for a single day should be very comprehensive and should include all important happenings of that particular day. A comprehensive journal not only includes information on assignments and tasksRead MoreCritical Thinking And Core Self Reflective Learning1424 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Thinking and Core Self Reflective Learning: A Personalised Perspective Bradley Graham ABSTRACT The application of critical thinking and self-evaluation is limitless as it can be applied to everything simply by answering the following questions: What did I do? How did I do it? How could I do it better? And what would I do differently in the future to improve? Because of this critical thinking and self-reflective learning is essential in the development of an individuals self and skillsRead MoreTitle: â€Å"emotional intelligence and reflective practice are integral components of building a1700 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: â€Å"emotional intelligence and reflective practice are integral components of building a therapeutic relationship in nursing† â€Å"Self awareness is a state of being where you deeply understand your thoughts, emotions and behaviours and how they affect people and the world around them. When people are self aware they move beyond simply existing or reacting to their environment to deliberately living a fulfilling and meaningful life. People get to know the real of them and do things that reflect whoRead MoreEmotional Intelligence and Reflective Practice are Integral Components of Building a Therapeutic1300 Words   |  6 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Reflective Practice are Integral Components of Building a Therapeutic Relationship in Nursing. Emotional Intelligence, also known as ‘EI’, is defined as the ability to recognize, authoritize and evaluate emotions. The ability to control and express our own emotions is very important but so is our ability to understand, interpret and respond to the emotions of others. To be emotionally intelligent one must be able to perceive emotions, reason with emotions, understand emotionsRead MoreLanger Article Critique Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesReflecting on Practice: using learning journals in higher and continuing education Teachers College Reflecting on Practice: using learning journals in higher and continuing education Langer (2002) central focus is plainly stated in the introduction, which is â€Å"how the use of journals impacted the learning process of adult non-traditional students and how this impact compared to that of traditional students†. The purpose of this article critique is to analyze the strengths and weaknessesRead MoreThe History Of Electronic Portfolios706 Words   |  3 Pagesfirst-year composition class, for example, each of the students might compile and reflect on several writings to serve several purposes: †¢ To show how they have improved as writers during a term. †¢ To shows their competence in a variety of genres (such as lab reports, essays, resumes, and research-based arguments); and †¢ To show their ability to revise texts for different purposes and audiences. Each of the students might include a midterm test, a project summary, three journal entries, and printouts of

Definition and Examples of Expeditio in Rhetoric

Shaping The Future Of Neuroprosthetics With Soft Implants...

Shaping the Future of Neuroprosthetics with Soft Implants A neuroprosthetic implant is an interface between neurons and external devices to restore or supplement the function of the nervous system lost during injury or disease. There have been considerable strides made in the field of neuroprosthetics, with varying degrees of success. The treatment of many neurological disorders has improved due the implantation of macro and microdevices into neural tissue. As prosthetic implants need to be placed in direct contact with tissue, biocompatibility becomes an important aspect to be taken into consideration during their design. Acute and chronic inflammatory responses occur on the insertion of†¦show more content†¦The modalities could be utilised for multiple therapeutic purposes, as demonstrated, such as electric stimulation, neural recording and directed drug delivery. The combined use of the different modalities was shown to restore locomotion in paralyzed animals. The e-dura, a soft implant, was fabricated by soft lithography process using silicone of 120mm thickness as the elastomeric substrate with stretchable gold interconnects at either end, embedded with platinum-silicone composite electrodes and a microfluidic channel. The performance of the fabricated e-dura was tested against a 25mm thick polyimide stiff implant. The e-dura was surgically implanted via an incision in the dura mater and secured in place by orthotic screws in the lumbosacral segments of healthy rat spinal cord. The stiff implant was similarly implanted above the dura mater. 6 weeks after implantation, both animal groups were assessed for motor performance using kinematic recordings of basic walking and movement across a horizontal ladder. The animal group with soft implant displayed similar movement to that of the sham group (received only screw but no implant) as compared to the group with stiff implants. Explanted spinal cord of all animal groups was studied to quanti fy changes in shape by calculating circularity index. The immunological response of astrocytes and microglia was visualized. Once again, the soft implant was found to perform

6th grade Atmosphere Unit Example For Students

6th grade Atmosphere Unit Question Answer Troposphere Layer in which we live, weather occurs here Stratosphere Gases are found in layers, ozone layer is found here Mesosphere Coolest layer, meteors burn up in this layer Thermosphere Highest temperatures, contains the ionosphere Atmosphere The mixture of gases which surround our planet; mostly nitrogen and oxygen Weather The state of the atmosphere at a place and time What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? Nitrogen Global winds Winds that follow regular patterns and paths Sea Breeze During the DAY cool dense air moves from the ocean towards the warm, less dense shore. Land Breeze During NIGHT, cool dense air moves from the land towards the warm, less dense ocean. Cumulus Fluffy, white clouds with flat bottoms. Stratus Layered clouds which block out the Sun. Can cause constant drizzly rain. Cirrus Small, wispy clouds created by strong winds. They often indicate a change in weather. Condensation The change of water vapor to liquid water due to cooling; where clouds form Precipitation Water returning back to Earths surface: hail, sleet, snow, and rain Global Warming The gradual increase of Earths atmospheric temperature Greenhouse effect The trapping of heat in the Earths atmosphere due to an increase in greenhouse gases (CO2) Cold front When a cool air mass comes in and pushes a warm air mass up; results in cool weather Warm front Warm air moves over cold, dense air. Results in drizzly rain and warm temperatures Occluded front Warm air is trapped between 2 cool air masses; warm air rises up. This creates cool temperatures and lots of snow. Stationary front When a warm and cold air mass meet, but neither can overpower the other. Results in days of cloudy weather rain Air mass A large mass of air which has similar temperature and water vapor content Wind The movement of air caused by temperature differences How does wind move? From high pressure to low pressure Mountain Valley Breezes Caused by the elevation and temperature differences Humidity Amount of water vapor in the air Dew Point Temperature where air cools to saturate it Isobars Lines on a weather map that connect air pressure

For The White Man Essays - Slavery In The United States, Slavery

For The White Man annon The American Revolution was a glorious war fought to free the American colonies from the British rule. Although we won that war, there were still many people who were not free from our rule. One people in general were the black slaves. The black people had many struggles to freedom which helped shape our American culture today. Three different periods characterized there struggles: the slaves before the Civil War, during Reconstruction, and during the civil rights movements. These three eras mark a pivotal point in the movement and advancement of the black race to social equality. During the time before the Civil War, it was not easy for slaves to organize and rebel against their slaveholders or whites in general. There were numerous laws that specifically took away slaves rights as men. Slaves also feared the whip and even death if they were to act out against their owners. The Declaration of Independence did not apply to many groups and the black race was one of those excluded groups. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness(Primus 295). Thomas Jefferson, having slaves himself, recognized the fact that he could not free the slaves himself in that document. It was difficult enough for him to get the Declaration approved by all of the colonies in itself. In fact the last man to sign the Declaration of Independence did not do so until the year 1778. The slaves were kept in ignorance of any knowledge which might have led to their freedom. Laws forbade reading and writing for slaves. They also forbade anyone to teach a slave to read. To keep the slaves obedient, slaveholders often made an example of a slave by beating him with the cow skin, or even killing him. He[Gore] gave Denby but few stripes; the latter broke away from him and plunged into the creek, and, standing there to the depth of his neck in water, he refused to come out at the order of the overseer; whereupon, for this refusal, Gore shot him dead!(My Bondage and My Freedom 122). This era was definitely a period were the black people had little voice in their future and society. Most people in the north felt differently however. These people were called the abolitionists, and they were dedicated to freeing the slaves. The southern states, strongly disagreed with their views and broke away from the Union to form the Confederate states. Their division led to the Civil War, resulting in freedom for the slaves. And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.(Primus 554). The Emancipation Proclamation that Lincoln wrote was a large step towards the equality of black men and women. It spurred the Reconstruction era that was so vital to black rights movement. The Reconstruction period brought new laws, giving black people the right to own land, and black men the right to vote. The right of citizens of the of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States of by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition or servitude.(Primus 339). It was now amended in the Constitution. While the whites still found ways around these laws however, the black people were still better off than they once were. Some states enforced a Black Code, which forbade a black man the right to vote if he could not read. This was somewhat effective for the southern whites in blocking the black vote, since the blacks were forbidden to learn to read while they were enslaved. With the new black freedom, came organizations against their freedom. The KKK, or Ku Klux Klan, was responsible for many black murders. The cult would often made an example of a black man if he were very outspoken and loud. They would hang a black man in the most popular tree in town as to make sure everyone got the message. Reconstruction brought education to the blacks, but it also brought segregation. Blacks had to use separate schools, buses, and public facilities. Although use of these facilities was far better than slavery, blacks still deserved the same rights

drawing essays

drawing essays Most people believe that all that is needed to produce a great drawing is a pencil and a piece of paper, which is true, but to produce a great drawing you need to use a combination of different pencils, blenders, erasers, papers, and other miscellaneous materials to increase the realism of a drawing. There are many types of materials used for a drawing, as stated above,which brings out the effect that the object is really real. A pencil is the most important material used for a drawing besides paper,which I will talk about later. Pencils come in more than just an everyday number two, pencils come in multiple types from the hardness of the lead to what chemical the lead is made of. Pencils are lettered and numbered to let you know what kind of pencil it is. The pencil with the letter B has the softest leads,and the pencil labled 9B is the softest pencil which has been invented. Erasers are known by everyone to get rid of unwanted or un-needed marks, but they are also used to bring out textures and special effects of a drawing. Blenders are used to create shadows and show where a dark color fades into a lighter color, and vice versa by balancing colors and keep proportion. Blenders come in many shapes, sizes, and purposes. The paper, of coarse, is what the drawing is drawn on. Paper, like the pencils and blenders,are created in different sizes, shapes, kinds and purposes ( J.D. Hillberry 10-15). The following materials are divided into different types for a specific reasons and uses in creating a drawing. Pencils are used to place a picture on a piece of paper or medium, but different types of pencils bring out how the picture will look when it is completed. Different types of pencils, as stated earlier, are created with different types of leads or chemicals ( J.D. Hillberry 10 ). Leads vary from 4H, which is the hardest lead and produces the lightest color, to 9B, which is the softest lead and produces the darkest col...

Training- Developing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Training- Developing People - Essay Example Being realistic, corporate attitudes and expectations about what 'training' is and does cannot be changed overnight, and most organisations still see 'training' as being limited to work skills, classrooms and powerpoint presentations. However, if you start imagining and thinking and and talking about concepts and expressions such as: There are many different training and development methods. On-the-job training, informal training, classroom training, internal training courses, external training courses, on-the-job coaching, life-coaching, mentoring, training assignments and tasks, skills training, product training, technical training, behavioural development training, role-playing and role-play games and exercises, attitudinal training and development, accredited training and learning, distance learning - all part of the training menu, available to use and apply according to individual training needs and organisational training needs. Development isn't restricted to training - it's anything that helps a person to grow, in ability, skills, confidence, tolerance, commitment, initiative, inter-personal skills, understanding, self-control, motivation and more.

Moving Image- Films Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Moving Image- Films - Research Paper Example The current outflow of talents from Mexico is as diverse as it is compelling. From the likes of actors such as Diego Luna and Gael Garcia Bernal who have received acclaim internationally through the movie â€Å"Y Tu Mama Tambien† (And Your Mother Too) to the breakthrough of directors Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu and Alfonso Cuaron and other prominent talents such as screenwriter and director Guillermo Arriaga. The contribution of Mexico to the world of film is more than notable. Quite possibly one of the most influential directos of all time, Luis Buà ±uel, who although was born in Spain worked for most of his life in France and Mexico. Known for his surrealist take into directing and as evident in his films, Buà ±uel was known for being an inspiration to other well-loved directors of all-time such as Alfred Hitchcock and Devid Cronenberg. His style is often attributed to an uncomplicated and elegant touch oscillating back and forth between its unusual intricacies (Walls, par. 3). Known as the film industry’s founder of the Surrealists, Buà ±uel won an Oscar for Best Foreign Film in 1972 for the movie The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie. He is also known for collaborating with another famous Spaniard Salvador Dali during the 1920’s. Although he scorned his previous works in comparison to the ones he made in France where he was provided with augmented budgets and an almost complete artistic freedom, the grit of his earlier works makes much for his compelling artistry. Later on in his career, his films had such an aura of complacency about them. Maybe this is due to the artist’s warranted comfort and contentment in his career (Walls, par.4-5). The year 1992 marked an enormous hit to the movie industry of Mexico. Seeing the slump of movie making, former president Carlos Salinas removed the limit on the prices of tickets, gave up control on government-owned theaters and completely opened the market to Hollywood films. Deregulation brought forth three adverse

Modern Virtue Ethics Essay Example for Free

Modern Virtue Ethics Essay To what extent do modern virtue ethics address the weaknesses of Aristotle’s teaching on virtues? (35) Virtue Ethics looks at a person’s good traits, known as ‘virtues’ and negative traits, known as ‘vices’; a person is considered to be a good person if they are virtuous and a morally bad person if they have developed lots of vices. Deontological and teleological ethicists argue that good or bad behaviour is far more important than a person’s good or bad characteristics whereas Virtue Theory argues it is only by becoming a better person that we will engage in the ‘right’ behaviour; Virtue Theory looks at the agent in itself and rather than the action. The key concepts of Virtue Ethics were first penned by the ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle and in more recent times have been adapted and added to by Alasdair MacIntyre. Aristotle’s theory is made up of many key features, including Moral Virtues, The Doctrine of the Mean, Eudaimonia, and Friendship and the Community. According to Aristotle, everything has a purpose, for example, pens, their purpose is to write, if the pen fulfils its purpose and writes well, it is a good pen. In the same way, if we equate Eudaimonia to the pen, Eudaimonia is the supreme goal of human life, if a person reaches Eudaimonia, they are a considered a good person as the purpose was to be happy, therefore they have reached their purpose, just as the pen reaches its own. He also argued that every action comes down to this aim, every human being desires to be as happy as possible. An example of this is to ask a Doctor or a Lawyer why they chose such professions, the majority would answer that they chose this profession because it pays well and they believed that being paid well would lead to an easier and happy life, or Eudaimonia. Aristotle’s theory also says that relationships and friendships play a very important role in how we behave as people and how our actions are determined; we should all aim to individually achieve Eudaimonia, which would therefore achieve the greatest good for society as a whole as everyone would be happier; Aristotle sees our communal friendships and relationships as a vital part of our moral code and flourishing as a virtuous being. As previously mentioned, a good life involves developing a good character and these are known as moral virtues which are cultivated by habit; one must practice these good virtues in order to adopt them. Some of the key virtues Aristotle spoke of include modesty, generosity, patience, truthfulness and friendliness. Aristotle also spoke of Intellectual Virtues and Cardinal Virtues. Aristotle believed that we should aim to be virtuous people and avoid vices. Aristotle’s theory is centered around the concept of The Doctrine of the Mean; this states that there are two different vices that accompany every virtue- the Vice of Deficiency and the Vice of Excess. The Vice of Deficiency refers to a distinct lack of virtues, whereas the Vice of Excess refers to too much of the virtue being present. For example, modesty, if there is a distinct lack of this virtue, it may result in shamelessness and if there is too much of this virtue, it may result in shyness. Aristotle argued that the ‘Golden (or Virtuous) Mean’ is the middle of these to extremes and that is what people should aim to have. Aristotle’s theory is very logical and encourages people to adopt good characteristics which in an ideal world would result in every individual being as happy as possible; however there are many criticisms of this theory. For example, it is somewhat unclear of what is considered a virtue and what is considered a vice and it is also unclear of who is responsible for deciding these; as well as this, it could be argued that it is not possible to measure these virtues. It could also be argued that if every individual had exactly the same characteristics, everyone would be the same and the world be become mundane and monotonous. Virtue Ethics also does not provide clear guidelines or rules of how to act in specific circumstances and is vague and subjective. Alasdair Macintyre is a Scottish philosopher, whose writing dates to the 20th Century CE. He made an attempt to alter Aristotle’s theory in order to make it more relative and contexualise the ideas. Macintyre felt that morality had become lax and felt that they had become far hypothetical. He felt that people focused more on how an ethical theory would hold up under uncommon and unrealistic circumstances rather than situations where morality counts. He believed that we should understand the context of ethics before attempting to fix modern moral dilemmas. Macintyre’s belief in context as the central part to ethical decision making shows us that he is relative in his ideology. He believed that virtues would change over time naturally, for example, bravery for us is a person that confronts a gang of youths, throwing rocks at windows, or a police tackling a burglar, however 2000 years ago, bravery was considered as a man dying in battle, for his country. This is an attempt at addressing a weakness of Aristotelian Virtue Ethics, as it would encourage the person to look at the time and place before deciding whether the character traits are good or not. It has to be said that what may be considered good in the Congo may not necessarily be considered good in Brixton, London. Finally Macintyre addresses the issue of External and Internal goods. Internal Goods are what he calls, the qualities of a person’s character. The External Goods are the things that a person relies on, for example,food or a decent living arrangement. He states that although these are valuable to the human nature, they can be considered good or bad. However the Internal Goods are the most important. This gives more relativism than Aristotelian Virtue Ethics which can be considered an improvement. In conclusion I feel that Alasdair Macintyre has made a good attempt to improve and change Aristotle’s version of Virtue Ethics, however we can still see some weaknesses. For example, it is even more relative than Aristotle’s version and this can lead to ambiguity when facing a moral dilemma. This has not been addressed, in the modern version by Macintyre. It also does not eliminate the idea of universal virtues to achieve Eudaimonia. This is problematic. So, I feel that his attempt must be congratulated but I do not feel that it has been entirely successful as there are still elements which could be improved further.

Animal Farm as a Fable Essay -- Literary Analysis, George Orwell

Everyone has encountered Aesop's fables at some point in their life. Aesop is the most renowned author of fables; a fable can be any â€Å"short tale to teach a moral lesson, often with animals or inanimate objects as characters† (â€Å"Fable†). For example, Animal Farm by George Orwell can be considered a fable. In this novel, the animals on Manor Farm rebel against their oppressive dictator, Mr. Jones, forming Animal Farm. However, after the rebellion, the animals allow the pigs to take over, who become the oppressive dictators who abuse the animals; Animal Farm has come full circle. It is rather obvious that the characters and events in Animal Farm are parallels to the rise and revolution of Communism in Russia. But why would Orwell write a fable instead of a political novel? One reason is prominent among many. By writing a fable, Orwell is able to incorporate traditional morals from well-known fables into his novel, Animal Farm; The morals from â€Å"The Ass and th e Old Shepherd,† â€Å"The Hawk, the Kite, and the Pigeons,† and â€Å"The Lion’s Share.† Orwell uses the universal moral from â€Å"The Ass and the Old Shepherd† to defend a similar moral on government. In Animal Farm, the story opens on Manor Farm, which is run by the oppressive Mr. Jones. The animals are â€Å"born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty† (Orwell 28). The animals rebel and form their own farm: Animal Farm. They drive Jones out, and allow those of a higher intellect (the pigs) to take over. One dissolute pig named Napoleon now has absolute power over the farm, an... ...â€Å"The Hawk†), and â€Å"You may share the labors of the great, but you will not share the spoils†(â€Å"The Lion's†). These morals can also be found in famous fables by authors like Aesop or La Fontaine, which proves their validity. If the same moral can be applied in two different situations, (the fables and the novel) it is more likely to impact other situations outside of literature, in the lives of the readers. This is why Orwell decided to use a fable; he wanted to be able to include the morals that could affect real people. He wanted to warn lower classes everywhere of these important points in a novel that a plebeian might actually read. By writing a fable, Orwell is able to support the morals in his novel by incorporating traditional morals; â€Å"Mr. Orwell has worked out his theme with a simplicity, a wit, and a dryness that are closer to La Fontaine and Gay† (Wilson 51).

Language in Anthony and Brutus’ Speeches Essay

Compare and contrast Henry’s use of rhetoric to affect others in his Harfleur speeches with the effectiveness of the language in Anthony and Brutus’ speeches In Henry V, Henry uses rhetoric very effectively as he persuades the Governor at Harfleur to surrender and encourages his troops onward with his ‘Once more unto the breach’ speech. This is very similar to Anthony and Brutus of Julius Caesar as they use rhetoric to influence the ‘mob’; firstly Brutus wins the crowd over and they believe the death of Caesar is a good thing and then Anthony turns them around and they end up hating Cassius and Brutus. Henry uses rhetoric to create a number of different effects one of them being to persuade the Governor to surrender. Rhoda Koenig suggests that this scene ‘points up the character of this immature and disaffected king’, which I disagree with as I believe that this speech shows just how the King has matured as he is able to bluff his way through as his army is, really, worn and battered. This speech shows how Henry’s words are more powerful than his army, which is similar to Anthony in Julius Caesar who turns the mob into a state of madness just through the use of his oratorical skills. For example, Henry starts his speech with short, sharp sentences: â€Å"How yet resolves the governor of the/ town?† This creates an assertive beginning and one that makes Henry seem powerful and stern. This coupled with the use of a rhetorical question puts the Governor in a situation where the mercy of Henry is in his hands, as if the outcome of his men depends on his decision. This also removes the responsibility from Henry’s shoulders which is a recurring theme throughout the play. Henry also describes what the outcome could look like if the Governor doesn’t surrender: â€Å"The gates of mercy shall be all shut up.† The use of a metaphor here, ‘the gates of mercy’, refers to Henry as if once he starts the battle there’s no goi ng back. This is used to scare the Governor so that he believes Harfleur will be desecrated once the battle has begun. This, of course, is a faà §ade as Henry knows full-well that his army is worn thin and lacking in strength. This demonstrates Henry’s good leadership, as he bluffs his way through with confidence. Also, this quote contains lots of monosyllables which make it very powerful and reinforces the threat which forces the Governor to surrender. Bernard Richards raised an interesting point where he said that Shakespeare ‘wanted to show the full range of war – the glamour as well as the squalid and obscene violence.’ This interested me as throughout this speech there is talk of atrocities of war such as ‘shrieking daughters’ while elsewhere in the play we see the French think of war as glorious. This is very similar to Brutus in Julius Caesar who has to use rhetoric to convince the crowd to surrender, as they are initially angry at the conspirat ors for killing their leader. For example, he uses rhetorical questions to force the crowd to realise that the murder of Caesar will benefit them: â€Å"Who here is so base [†¦] Who here is so rude [†¦] Who is so vile [†¦] for him have I offended.† The crowd are forced to ask themselves if they would want to be slaves, for example, which they of course answer ‘no’. The use of a three-part list also emphasizes this and would allow the crowd to remember this more accurately: â€Å"Let him be Caesar!† This quote shows that Brutus’s rhetoric successfully convinces the crowd, although they appear to have missed the point as they want Brutus to be ‘the new Caesar’ and the sole leader of Rome which is what the conspirators were fighting against. It is also interesting to note that Shakespeare’s main characters usually speak in blank verse, but here Brutus speaks in prose. This is because prose is the perfect way to persuade so has a stronger affect on the crowd. It could also be argued that because he speaks to the low-life characters, they will understand prose better than blank verse. Within his speech Brutus also uses repetition which reinforces his message: â€Å"Hear me for cause [†¦] hear.† The use of framing repetition here grabs the crowd’s attention and makes them listen. He also repeats ‘honour’ throughout his speech: â€Å"Believe me for mine honour, and have respect for mine honour.† This repetition is used to emphasize to the crowd that the conspirator’s cause was honourable and that they have done the right thing while it also serves to remind the crowd how Brutus is an honourable man, which is a similarity with Henry who also takes great care in ensuring the cause for going to war is moral. The repetition would ‘grind’ it into the crowds’ heads so that it’s almost like subliminal messaging. The repetition also shows how Brutus is still unsure himself and that he is trying to convince himself that they have done the right thing. Henry also uses rhetoric to empower his army and urge them on at Harfluer in what Hal Hinson of the Washington Post calls ‘the greatest half-time speech in human historyà ¢â‚¬â„¢. Here, Henry is forced to persuade his army that they should not retreat but attack once again: â€Å"Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more.† Similarly to Brutus, Henry uses framing repetition to encourage his army to attack Harfleur once more. The repetition helps to reinforce the message and will stick in their minds through the battle. Also in this quote, he uses an endearing pronoun ‘friend’. This affects the army as they will feel that they are all friends of the King and will have a surge of confidence. This will help the army to conquer whatever they face, even though they have had to retreat. Interestingly, this contrast to what the Chorus says in the preceding scene as he states that the great British are invading France when really they are being forced to retreat. Henry also uses alliteration: â€Å"But when the blast of war blows in our ears.† The use of plosive alliteration here creates a powerful sound which suggests that the English army are powerful enough to defeat the French. This also shows Henry’s passion as if it’s bursting out of him as he desperately wants his men to survive as he feels guilty that the war may not have an honourable cause. Also is this speech, sibilance is used: â€Å"Stiffen the sinews.† This also creates quite an aggressive sound which would be passed onto the soldiers and make them feel aggressive and willing to fight. Henry also uses figurative language: â€Å"Let it pry [†¦] like the brass cannon.† This simile likens the mind prying to a cannon – an item associated with war – which would rile up the soldiers and also remind them that they are at war, its kill or be killed. Another simile used refers to Alexander the Great: â€Å"On, on, you noblest English [†¦] like so many Alexanders.† Here, Henry likens his army to a group of Alexander the Greats. Alexander the Great is a figure of Greek legend which states that he conquered the Persian Empire. It also says that he was often reckless with his own life and his soldiers as he believed he was indestructible. This would encourage his men and fill them with confidence as Alexander was a great warrior and Henry’s army will feel equally invincible. Shakespeare’s Elizabethan audience were very interested in Greek culture so the simile would have been more relevant and had more effect than it would on our society who have a lesser interest. Also, in this quote he addresses the ‘noblest English ’while further on he addresses the â€Å"good yeomen.† Henry directly addresses each social class as his army was compiled of a number of different classes, even nationalities. King Henry V was known for uniting people under him as he prevented a civil war between the Church and the Government and th is unity is shown in the scene between Gower, Fluellen, Jamy and MacMorris. This scene also, as James Shapiro suggests, ‘prophetically anticipates the notion of a united kingdom’. Although these nations were far from united in 1599, when the play was written as England and Ireland were at war, and some were very hostile during Henry’s reign. For example, James Shapiro criticizes that Henry says the Scots may attack yet here they are united. This would make each soldier feel important, needed and a friend of the king’s, which would, ultimately, provide the soldiers with confidence to fight, and beat, the French. Likewise, Mark Anthony in Julius Caesar also addresses his crowd individually while manipulating them until they run riot around Rome: â€Å"Friends, Romans, countrymen.† Anthony immediately begins with a three-part list which grabs his audience’s attentions and the first word used is ‘friends’. This instantly makes the crowd warm to him as he is speaking to them as equals. This is similar to Henry who calls his army the ‘noble English’ and ‘good yeomen’, while it contrasts with Brutus who says, â€Å"Romans, countrymen, and lovers†, as if ‘lovers’ is an afterthought. This may hint at why Henry and Anthony were successful at convincing their audience while Brutus failed, because Henry and Anthony allowed the audience to warm to them while Brutus did not. Another way Anthony wins his crowd over is by using repetition: â€Å"And Brutus is an honourable man.† This is repeated at regular intervals throughout his speech and each time it becomes more sarcastic. The sarcastic tone induces the crowd to question whether killing Caesar was an honourable thing. Here, in the same way as Brutus, he uses subliminal messaging; however he uses it against Brutus and to much better effect as the crowd end up rampaging across Rome. In conclusion, Henry and Anthony use rhetoric and their oratorical skills very well – combining repetition, friendly language, and other techniques – to persuade their respective crowds to see their way of thinking. Brutus, however, fails to convince his crowd (or is unable to deliver a speech worthy of Anthony’s) which goes to show how good Anthony’s speech is. Henry manages to convince the Governor to surrender, and convince his battered army to continue, while Anthony manages to convince an audience who love Brutus, to hunt him down. Brutus, on the other hand, cannot prevent the people of Rome from turning against him as he didn’t endear himself to the crowd.

History of Computers 3D Printing - 1079 Words

Computers are everywhere, they are in homes, they are at schools, and most of people even carry them around on us everyday. But it was not always like this. As strange as this might sound, there was a time when a single computer would take up an entire room and still not be able to do a fraction of what an iphone can do. So how did people get from a computer taking up an entire room just to do basic things, from being able to do about anything on a small device in peoples pockets? Well, the most basic answer is advancement; the human race is moving forward everyday and what is in movies, about having holographs and robots, are a lot closer than many may think. This will be a guide through time itself as it will look at some of the first†¦show more content†¦(Computer History) (Kim Ann Zimmermann). We are now at 1974 where Researchers at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center created the first workstation computer with a mouse built in called the Alto (Lau and Boyko). One thing that was unique about this computers is that it wa able to stored several files simultaneously in windows, had menus and icons, and could even link to a local area network (Lau and Boyko). One thing that seems strange is that they, for some reason, never sold this computer commercially but they did give some of these computers free to various universities (Lau and Boyko). But even though this was not sold Engineers later on used some of the things in this computer on later models of computers later on(Lau and Boyko). 1977 is the year when people actually start seeing personal computers go on to the market and actually start becoming a reality. The first of them was The Commodore Personal Electronic Transactor or The Commodore PET for short(Lau and Boyko). Another personal computer that came out in 1977 is the Apple II (Lau and Boyko). The Apple II was one computer that was an instant hit. The reason for this computers great success is because of all the features it had including: pr inted circuit motherboard, switching power supply, keyboard, case assembly, manual, game paddles, A/C power cord, and cassette tape with the computer game Breakout† (Lau and Boyko). But that was not the onlyShow MoreRelatedHow Printers Are Important For The Business World1408 Words   |  6 Pages Final Project: Printing Heather Bursik, Monica Quintero Pietri, Josephine Wilson, Mickenzie McDonald, MRKG 2381.XP2 Professor Cockerell Imagine a world without printers, everyday life would be much more difficult, especially in the business world. Printers are used everyday whether it be for personal use, business, or education, printers are vital to reach our expectations in technology. 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